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    Abortifacient:
    Induces the premature expulsion (abortion) of a fetus. Same meaning as Ecbolic. For example, pennyroyal.
    Adaptogenic:
    Helping the human organism adapt to stressful conditions.
    Ague:
    An intermittent fever, sometimes with chills, as in malaria.
    Alkaloid:
    A large, varied group of complex nitrogen-containing compounds, usually alkaline, that react with acids to form soluble salts, many of which have physiological effects on humans. Includes nicotine, cocaine, caffeine, etc.
    Alterative:
    A medicinal substance that gradually restores health.
    Amenorrhea:
    Absence or suppression of menstruation.
    Analgesic:
    A pain-relieving medicine.
    Anhydrotic:
    Stops sweating.
    Anodyne:
    A pain-relieving medicine, milder than analgesic.
    Antacid:
    Neutralizes the acid produced by the stomach.
    Anthelmintic:
    An agent that destroys and expels worms from the intestines. Same as vermifuge.
    Anti-aphrodisiac:
    Suppressing sexual desire.
    Antibacterial:
    Destroys or stops the growth of bacteria.
    Antibilious:
    An herb that combats biliousness. The term biliousness refers to a group of symptoms consisting of nausea, abdominal discomfort, headache, constipation, and gas that is caused by an excessive secretion of bile.
    Antibiotic:
    An agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of, or kills, a living organism; usually used in reference to bacteria or other microorganisms.
    Anti-convulsant:
    Reducing or relieving convulsions or cramps.
    Anti-emetic:
    Prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting.
    Anti-epileptic:
    An agent that combats the convulsions or seizures of epilepsy.
    Antifungal:
    An agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of fungi, or kills them outright.
    Antigalactagogue:
    Prevents or decreases secretion of milk.
    Antihistaminic:
    Neutralizing the effect or inhibiting production of histamine.
    Anti-inflammatory:
    Reducing or neutralizing inflammation.
    Anti-lithic:
    Aids in preventing the formation of stones in the kidneys and bladder.
    Antimicrobial:
    An agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of microorganisms, or kills them.
    Anti-oxidant:
    Preventing oxidation; a preservative.
    Antiparasitical:
    Destructive to parasites.
    Anti-periodic:
    Prevents the periodic recurrence of attacks of a disease; as in malaria.
    Antiphlogistic:
    An agent that counteracts inflammation.
    Antipyretic:
    Reduces fever. Same as febrifuge or refrigerant.
    Anti-rheumatic:
    An agent that relieves or cures rheumatism.
    Antiscorbutic:
    An agent effective against scurvy.
    Antiseptic:
    Preventing sepsis, decay, putrefaction; also, an agent that kills germs, microbes.
    Antispasmodic:
    Preventing or relieving spasms or cramps.
    Anti-syphilitic:
    Herbs that improve or cure syphilis. Also called antileutic.
    Antitumor:
    Preventing or effective against tumors or cancers.
    Antitussive:
    Preventing or relieving cough.
    Antivenomous:
    Acts against poisonous matter from animals and snakes.
    Antiviral:
    An agent that inhibits growth or multiplication of viruses, or kills them.
    Antizymotic:
    Herbs that can destroy disease-producing organisms.
    Aperient:
    Causes a gentle bowel movement.
    Aphasia:
    Inability to express oneself properly through speech or loss of verbal comprehension; sensory and motor areas may be involved.
    Aphrodisiac:
    Increasing or exciting sexual desire.
    Apoplexy:
    The result of a stroke (cerebrovascular accident (CVA)).
    Aromatic:
    Agents which emit a fragrant smell and produce a pungent taste. Used chiefly to make other medicines more palatable.
    Ascaris:
    Roundworm (also called maw-worm and eelworm) found in the small intestine causing colicky pains and diarrhea, especially in children.
    Ascites:
    Excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity.
    Asthenia:
    Lack or loss of strength, usually involving muscular system.
    Astringent:
    An agent that causes tissue to contract.
    Bactericidal:
    An agent that kills bacteria.
    Balsam:
    The resin of a tree that is healing and soothing. Example: myrrh
    Bitter tonic:
    Bitter-tasting properties which stimulate the flow of saliva and gastric juice. Used to increase the appetite and aid in the process of digestion.
    Bolus:
    A suppository injected into the rectum or vagina.
    Calmative:
    An agent with mild sedative or calming effects.
    Cardioactive:
    Affecting the heart.
    Carminative:
    An agent that relieves and removes gas from the digestive system.
    Cataplasm:
    Another name for poultice.
    Catarrh:
    An inflammation of the mucous membranes with a free discharge. This has special reference to the air passages of the head and throat. For example; hayfever, rhinitis, influenza, bronchitis, pharyngitis, asthma.
    Cathartic:
    A powerful purgative or laxative, causing severe evacuation, with or without pain.
    Cephalic:
    Referring to diseases affecting the head and upper part of the body.
    Cholagogue:
    An agent that increases bile flow to the intestines.
    Chorea:
    Nervous disorder marked by muscular twitching of arms, legs and face.
    CNS:
    Central nervous system.
    Condiment:
    Enhances the flavor of food.
    Cordial:
    A stimulating medicine or drink.
    Counterirritant:
    An agent that produces inflammation or irritation when applied locally to affect another, usually irritated surface to stimulate circulation. (Example: a mustard plaster or liniment).
    Cystitis:
    Inflammation of the urinary bladder.
    Cytotoxic:
    An agent that is toxic to certain organs, tissues, or cells.
    Decoction:
    A preparation made by boiling a plant part in water. Compare with Infusion.
    Demulcent:
    An agent that is locally soothing and softening.
    Demulcent febrifuge:
    Reduces heat while building bodily fluids.
    Deobstruent:
    Removes obstructions by opening natural passages or pores of the body.
    Depurative:
    Tends to purify and cleanse the blood. Same as blood purifier.
    Dermatomycoses:
    Skin infection caused by fungi.
    Detergent:
    An agent that cleanses boils, sores, wounds, etc.
    Detoxicant:
    Removes toxins.
    Diaphoretic:
    An agent that induces sweating.
    Digestant:
    Contains substances (i.e. ferments, acids) which aid in digestion.
    Digestive:
    An agent that promotes digestion.
    Discutient:
    An agent that dissolves or causes something, such as a tumor, to disappear. Also called discussive.
    Diuretic:
    An agent that induces urination.
    Drastic:
    A violent purgative.
    Dropsy:
    Generalized edema (swelling).
    Dyskinesia:
    Defect in voluntary movement.
    Dyspnea:
    Sense of difficulty in breathing, often associated with lung or heart disease.
    Ecbolic:
    See abortifacient.
    Emetic:
    An agent that induces vomiting.
    Emmenagogue:
    A substance that promotes or assists the flow of menstrual fluid.
    Emollient:
    An agent that softens and soothes the skin when applied locally.
    Enteritis:
    Inflammation of the small intestine.
    Enterorrhagia:
    Hemorrhage from the intestine.
    Enuresis:
    Involuntary urination.
    Ephidrosis:
    Abnormal amount of sweating.
    Epigastric:
    Upper middle region of the abdomen.
    Eructation:
    Belching.
    Erysipelis:
    An acute disease of skin and subcutaneous tissue with spreading inflammation and swelling.
    Esculent:
    Edible or fit for eating.
    Estrogenic:
    A substance that induces female hormonal activity.
    Exanthematous:
    Refers to any eruptive disease or fever. An herbal remedy for skin eruptions such as measles, scarlet fever, etc.
    Exophthalmic:
    Protrusion of the eyeball.
    Expectorant:
    An agent that induces the removal (coughing up) of mucous secretions from the lungs.
    Farinaceous:
    Of the nature of flour or meal. Starchy or containing starch.
    Febrifuge:
    That which reduces fever. Same as antipyretic or refrigerant.
    Fistula:
    Abnormal tubelike passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or to another cavity.
    Flux:
    Excessive flow or discharge. For example, in dysentery or excessive menstruation.
    Fungicidal:
    An agent that kills fungi.
    Galactagogue:
    Promotes secretion of milk.
    Gastralgia:
    Pain in the stomach.
    Gastroenteritis:
    Inflammation of the stomach and intestinal tract.
    Gastroptosis:
    Condition in which the stomach occupies an abnormally low position in the abdomen.
    Gleet:
    A urethral discharge, either of mucus or pus; commonly seen in the chronic form of gonorrheal urethritis.
    Hemiplegia:
    Paralysis of one half of the body.
    Hemostatic:
    An agent that checks bleeding.
    Hepatic:
    An herb that promotes the well-being of the liver and increases the secretion of bile. For example; golden seal.
    Herpatic:
    A remedy for skin eruptions, ringworm, etc.
    Homeopathic:
    Relating to homeopathy, a system of medicine founded in the late 1700's by Samuel Hahnemann. The system is based on the principle that "like cures like". Practitioners believe that a substance that produces a set of symptoms in a well person will, in minute," potentized" doses, cure those same symptoms in a diseased individual.
    Homeostasis:
    Equilibrium of internal environment.
    Hydrogogue:
    Promotes watery evacuation of bowels.
    Hydrophobia:
    Rabies.
    Hyperchlorhydria:
    Excess of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretion.
    Hypertensive:
    Causing or marking a rise in blood pressure.
    Hypochondriac:
    Upper lateral region on each side of the body and below the thorax; beneath the ribs.
    Hypnotic:
    Tends to produce sleep.
    Hypoglycemic:
    Causing a deficiency of blood sugar.
    Hypotensive:
    Causing or marking a lowering of blood pressure.
    Immunostimulant:
    Stimulating various functions or activities of the immune system.
    Infusion:
    A preparation made by soaking a plant part in hot water (or cold water, for a cold infusion); in essence, a "tea". Compare Decoction. Intercostal: Between the ribs.
    Laxative:
    A mild purgative. An herb that acts to promote evacuation of the bowels.
    Leukorrhea:
    A whitish, viscid discharge from the vagina.
    Lithotriptic:
    Causing the dissolution or destruction of stones in the bladder or kidneys.
    Lung fever:
    A severe lung infection, as pneumonia.
    Maturating:
    An agent that promotes the maturing or bringing to a head of boils, carbuncles, etc.
    Menorrhagia:
    Excessive bleeding during menstruation.
    Mitogenic:
    An agent that affects cell division.
    Monoplegia:
    Paralysis of a single limb or a single group of muscles.
    Mortification:
    Gangrene.
    Moxa:
    A dried herb substance burned on or above the skin to stimulate an acupuncture point or serve as a counterirritant. A famous technique of Traditional Chinese Medicine, using dried, pressed leaves of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris).
    Mucilaginous:
    Pertaining to or resembling or containing mucilage: slimy. Herbs that have a soothing effect on inflamed mucous membranes.
    Mydriatic:
    Dilates the pupil.
    Narcotic:
    An addicting substance that reduces pain and produces sleep.
    Nauseant:
    An herb that causes nausea and vomiting. Somewhat similar to an emetic.
    Nervine:
    An agent that affects, strengthens, or calms the nerves.
    Neurasthenia:
    Severe nerve weakness; nervous exhaustion.
    Neurodermatitis:
    Inflammation of skin with itching that is associated with emotional disturbance.
    Nutrient or Nutritive:
    Nourishing, increases weight and density.
    Ophthalmic:
    Healing for disorders and diseases of the eye.
    Ophthalmicum:
    A remedy for diseases of the eye.
    Osteomyelitis:
    Inflammation of the bone, especially the marrow.
    Oxyuris:
    Genus of nematode intestinal worms which includes pinworms (also called threadworm and seatworm).
    Panacea:
    An agent good for what ails you, or what doesn't ail you. A "cure-all".
    Parturient:
    A substance that induces and promotes labor.
    Pectoral:
    Relieves disorders of the chest and lungs, as an expectorant.
    Phagocytosis:
    Ingestion and digestion of bacteria and particles by phagocytes.
    Plethora:
    Overfullness of blood vessels or of the total quantity of any fluid in the body.
    Portal:
    Concerning entrance to an organ, especially that through which blood is carried to liver.
    Poultice:
    A moist, usually warm or hot mass of plant material applied to the skin, or with cloth between the skin and plant material, to effect a medicinal action.
    Prophylactic:
    Agent which wards off disease.
    Pruritis:
    Severe itching.
    Pterygium:
    Opaque triangular thickening of tissue extending from inner canthus to border or cornea with apex toward the pupil of the eye.
    Puerperal:
    Period following childbirth.
    Pungent:
    Irritating or shapely painful. Producing a sharp sensation of taste or smell.
    Purgative:
    An agent that causes cleansing or watery evacuation of the bowels, usually with griping (painful cramps).
    Pyelitis:
    Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney and its calices.
    Quicksilver:
    An old term for mercury.
    Quinsy:
    Peritonsillar abscess or tonsillitis.
    Refrigerant:
    Relieves fever and thirst. A cooling remedy. Lowers body temperature.
    Relaxant:
    Tends to relax and relieve tension, especially muscular tension.
    Resolvent:
    Promotes the resolving and removing of abnormal growths, such as a tumor.
    Rhinitis:
    Inflammation of nasal mucosa.
    Rubefacient:
    An agent that causes reddening or irritation when applied to the skin.
    Saponin:
    A glycoside compound in plants, which, when shaken with water, has a foaming or "soapy" action.
    Scald head:
    Ringworm, or some similar affliction, of the scalp. May also refer to a disease of the hair follicles with formation of small yellow crusts and a very offensive odor; usually affects the scalp.
    Scorbutic:
    Concerning or affected with scurvy.
    Scrofula:
    Tuberculosis involving the lymph nodes of the neck, usually occurs in early life. Now very rarely seen.
    Sedative:
    Calms the nerves, allays excitement, induces relaxation, and is conducive to sleep.
    Sialagogue:
    Promotes the flow of saliva.
    Sleeping disease:
    Sleeping sickness; commonly found in Africa. Also viral encephalitis in which lethargy is a prominent feature.
    Soporific:
    Herbs that help to produce sleep.
    Spasmolytic:
    Checking spasms or cramps.
    Specific:
    A remedy having a curative effect on a particular disease or symptom.
    Spermatorrhea:
    Abnormally frequent involuntary loss of semen without orgasm.
    Spondylosis:
    Abnormal immobility and fixation of vertebral joints.
    Stimulant:
    An agent that causes increased activity of another agent, cell, tissue, organ, or organism.
    Stomachic:
    Substances which give strength and tone to the stomach. Also used to stimulate the appetite.
    Strangury:
    A slow and painful passage of the urine due to spasm of the urethra and urinary bladder.
    Styptic:
    Checking bleeding by contracting blood vessels.
    Subcostal:
    Beneath the ribs.
    Sudorific:
    Herbs that cause heavy perspiration.
    Tetters:
    A once popular name for various eczematous skin diseases. May also refer to a skin disease of animals communicable to man with intense itching.
    Tincture:
    A diluted alcohol solution of plant parts.
    Tinea capitis:
    Fungal skin disease of the scalp.
    Tisane:
    A term used frequently in Europe referring to popular herbal infusions, such as chamomile flowers, etc., which are commonly taken as a beverage or for mildly medicinal effects.
    Teratogen:
    A substance that can cause the deformity of a fetus.
    Tonic:
    An ambiguous term referring to a substance thought to have an overall positive medicinal effect of an unspecified nature (see adaptogenic).
    Tuberculostatic:
    Arresting the tubercle bacillus (the germ responsible for causing tuberculosis).
    Uterotonic:
    Having a positive effect on an unspecified nature of the uterus.
    Vasoconstrictor:
    An agent that causes blood vessels to constrict, or narrow the caliber.
    Vasodepressant:
    Lowers blood pressure by dilatation of blood vessels; having a depressing influence on circulation.
    Vasodilator:
    An agent that causes blood vessels to relax and dilate.
    Vermicidal:
    Having worm-killing properties; an agent that kills worms; a vermifuge. Also Vermicide.
    Vermifuge:
    Having worm-killing properties; an agent that kills worms.
    Vesicant:
    An agent that causes blistering, such as poison ivy.
    Vulnerary:
    An agent or herb used for healing wounds, fresh cuts, etc., usually used as a poultice.
    Whites:
    See leukorrhea.
    Zymotic:
    Caused by or pertaining to any infectious or contagious disease.